Comcast Parent Company: Unraveling the Corporate Structure of a Media Giant


Comcast Parent Company: Unraveling the Corporate Structure of a Media Giant

Comcast Company, a family title within the telecommunications trade, has a wealthy historical past and a fancy company construction. Understanding its father or mother firm, Comcast Company, is essential for comprehending the corporate’s operations, methods, and market positioning. Immerse your self on this informative article as we delve into the intricacies of Comcast’s father or mother firm, exploring its key executives, subsidiaries, and the corporate’s total impression on the media panorama.

Comcast Company stands because the father or mother firm of Comcast Cable, one of many largest cable tv suppliers in america. Included in Delaware, Comcast Company wields vital affect within the telecommunications realm, extending its attain throughout varied subsidiaries. These subsidiaries embody Comcast Cable, Common Parks & Resorts, Sky Group, and NBCUniversal, every contributing to the corporate’s various portfolio of companies.

With such a far-reaching company construction, it is vital to focus on the important thing executives who form Comcast’s strategic course. Brian L. Roberts, the corporate’s Chairman and CEO, spearheads Comcast’s operations together with his in depth trade expertise and visionary management. Alongside him, David L. Cohen, the Senior Govt Vice President and Chief Variety Officer, performs a pivotal function in fostering inclusivity and variety inside the group.

comcast father or mother firm

Unveiling the Company Large

  • Brian L. Roberts: Chairman and CEO
  • David L. Cohen: Senior Govt Vice President
  • Comcast Cable: Largest U.S. cable supplier
  • Common Parks & Resorts: Theme park division
  • Sky Group: European media and leisure
  • NBCUniversal: Various media conglomerate
  • Based in 1963: Wealthy historical past of innovation
  • Headquarters in Philadelphia: U.S. enterprise hub
  • Over 190,000 staff: International workforce
  • $103.6 billion income: Monetary powerhouse

Market Chief in Media and Leisure

Brian L. Roberts: Chairman and CEO

On the helm of Comcast Company, Brian L. Roberts stands as a visionary chief and strategic mastermind. His journey with Comcast started in 1969 when he joined the corporate based by his father, Ralph J. Roberts. Over time, Brian L. Roberts has performed a pivotal function in shaping Comcast’s development trajectory, remodeling it right into a media and leisure behemoth.

As Chairman and CEO, Brian L. Roberts’ management is characterised by innovation, risk-taking, and a eager eye for alternatives. Beneath his steering, Comcast has launched into daring acquisitions, equivalent to the acquisition of NBCUniversal in 2011, solidifying its place as a diversified media conglomerate. His strategic imaginative and prescient has propelled Comcast to the forefront of technological developments, together with the rollout of high-speed web and the growth of its cable tv companies.

Brian L. Roberts’ dedication to buyer satisfaction and operational effectivity has been instrumental in Comcast’s success. He has spearheaded initiatives to reinforce customer support, enhance community reliability, and ship cutting-edge leisure experiences. His dedication to innovation and customer-centricity has earned Comcast a loyal buyer base and trade recognition.

Past his company tasks, Brian L. Roberts is actively concerned in philanthropic endeavors and trade associations. He serves on the board of administrators of a number of organizations, together with the Nationwide Cable & Telecommunications Affiliation (NCTA) and the College of Pennsylvania. His contributions to the group and the telecommunications trade have garnered him quite a few accolades, together with the Vanguard Award for Distinguished Management from the NCTA.

Brian L. Roberts’ management has been pivotal in shaping Comcast’s outstanding development and diversification. His strategic imaginative and prescient, dedication to innovation, and give attention to buyer satisfaction have propelled Comcast to the forefront of the media and leisure trade.

David L. Cohen: Senior Govt Vice President

Alongside Brian L. Roberts, David L. Cohen stands as a key determine in Comcast’s govt management crew. As Senior Govt Vice President and Chief Variety Officer, Cohen performs a multifaceted function in shaping the corporate’s strategic course, fostering a tradition of inclusion, and driving operational excellence.

  • Variety and Inclusion Champion:

    Cohen is a passionate advocate for range and inclusion, spearheading initiatives to create a office the place all staff really feel valued, revered, and empowered to achieve their full potential. Beneath his management, Comcast has made vital strides in growing the illustration of ladies and minorities in any respect ranges of the group.

  • Operational Effectivity and Buyer Focus:

    Cohen’s experience extends to operational effectivity and customer-centricity. He oversees varied capabilities inside Comcast, together with customer support, human assets, and company technique. Cohen’s give attention to streamlining processes, bettering communication, and enhancing buyer experiences has contributed to Comcast’s status for operational excellence and buyer satisfaction.

  • Strategic Partnerships and Alliances:

    Cohen performs a vital function in forging strategic partnerships and alliances that drive development and innovation for Comcast. He has been instrumental in securing main distribution offers, content material partnerships, and joint ventures which have expanded Comcast’s attain and strengthened its place within the media and leisure trade.

  • Group Involvement and Philanthropy:

    Cohen is actively concerned in group initiatives and philanthropic endeavors. He serves on the boards of a number of nonprofit organizations and academic establishments, dedicating his time and assets to supporting causes that align with Comcast’s values and dedication to social duty.

David L. Cohen’s contributions to Comcast are multifaceted and far-reaching. His management in selling range, driving operational excellence, and forging strategic partnerships has been instrumental in shaping Comcast’s success as a worldwide media and leisure chief.

Comcast Cable: Largest U.S. cable supplier

On the coronary heart of Comcast Company’s operations lies Comcast Cable, the biggest cable supplier in america. With an enormous community spanning throughout the nation, Comcast Cable delivers a complete suite of companies to residential and enterprise prospects, solidifying its place as a number one participant within the telecommunications trade.

  • In depth Community and Infrastructure:

    Comcast Cable boasts an intensive community of coaxial cables, fiber-optic strains, and wi-fi applied sciences, offering high-speed web, cable tv, and telephone companies to thousands and thousands of consumers. The corporate’s dedication to infrastructure funding ensures dependable and high-quality connectivity, assembly the evolving wants of shoppers and companies.

  • Broadband Web Companies:

    Comcast Cable is a distinguished supplier of broadband web companies, providing a spread of pace tiers to cater to various buyer necessities. From fundamental plans for on a regular basis shopping to ultra-fast gigabit speeds for demanding functions, Comcast Cable delivers dependable and lightning-fast web connectivity, enabling seamless streaming, gaming, and on-line actions.

  • Complete Cable Tv Packages:

    Comcast Cable affords a big selection of cable tv packages tailor-made to completely different viewing preferences and budgets. Prospects can select from quite a lot of channels, together with native broadcast networks, widespread cable channels, premium film channels, and worldwide programming. Comcast Cable additionally supplies superior options equivalent to video-on-demand, DVR recording, and personalised suggestions.

  • Cellphone and Voice Companies:

    Along with web and cable tv companies, Comcast Cable additionally affords a spread of telephone and voice companies. These companies embody conventional landline telephone strains, digital voice over IP (VoIP) companies, and cell phone plans. Comcast Cable’s telephone companies present clear name high quality, reasonably priced charges, and handy options equivalent to caller ID, voicemail, and name forwarding.

Comcast Cable’s place as the biggest U.S. cable supplier underscores its dedication to innovation, buyer satisfaction, and delivering cutting-edge expertise. The corporate’s in depth community, complete service choices, and give attention to buyer expertise have made it a family title within the telecommunications trade.

Common Parks & Resorts: Theme park division

Past its telecommunications ventures, Comcast Company has ventured into the realm of leisure by its subsidiary, Common Parks & Resorts. This division operates a group of world-class theme parks, resorts, and points of interest that captivate guests worldwide.

  • Iconic Theme Parks:

    Common Parks & Resorts boasts a portfolio of iconic theme parks, together with Common Studios Hollywood in California, Common Orlando Resort in Florida, and Common Studios Japan in Osaka. These parks function immersive rides, thrilling points of interest, reside exhibits, and character meet-and-greets, transporting visitors into the worlds of their favourite films, TV exhibits, and video video games.

  • Resorts and Lodges:

    Common Parks & Resorts affords a spread of resort and lodge lodging to cater to the wants of its visitors. From luxurious suites to budget-friendly choices, these lodging present handy entry to the theme parks and different points of interest, permitting guests to completely immerse themselves within the Common expertise.

  • Progressive Points of interest:

    Common Parks & Resorts is famend for its revolutionary points of interest that push the boundaries of theme park leisure. From cutting-edge rides that make the most of digital actuality and augmented actuality applied sciences to interactive experiences that have interaction guests in storytelling, Common Parks & Resorts creates memorable and immersive experiences for visitors of all ages.

  • Leisure and Eating:

    Along with its theme parks and points of interest, Common Parks & Resorts affords quite a lot of leisure and eating choices. From reside exhibits and parades to themed eating places and character eating experiences, Common Parks & Resorts ensures that each second of a visitor’s go to is full of pleasure and delight.

Common Parks & Resorts has established itself as a worldwide chief within the theme park trade. With its fascinating points of interest, immersive experiences, and dedication to innovation, Common Parks & Resorts continues to draw thousands and thousands of holiday makers annually, creating unforgettable reminiscences for households and mates.

Sky Group: European media and leisure

Comcast Company’s international attain extends to Europe by its subsidiary, Sky Group. This main media and leisure firm serves thousands and thousands of consumers throughout the UK, Eire, Italy, Germany, and Austria, offering a various vary of content material and companies.

  • Pay-TV and Satellite tv for pc Broadcasting:

    Sky Group is a serious participant within the pay-TV and satellite tv for pc broadcasting market in Europe. It affords quite a lot of subscription packages that embody premium channels, sports activities programming, films, and on-demand content material. Sky Group’s satellite tv for pc broadcasting companies ship high-quality tv and radio alerts to houses and companies throughout its service areas.

  • Unique Programming and Content material Creation:

    Sky Group invests closely in unique programming and content material creation. It produces a variety of widespread TV exhibits, films, documentaries, and sports activities protection. Sky Group’s unique content material has garnered essential acclaim and gained quite a few awards, attracting a loyal viewers throughout Europe.

  • Broadband and Web Companies:

    Along with its pay-TV and broadcasting companies, Sky Group additionally affords broadband web and fixed-line phone companies in some markets. It supplies high-speed web connectivity and dependable telephone companies to residential and enterprise prospects, complementing its leisure choices with a complete suite of communication companies.

  • Streaming and On-Demand Companies:

    Sky Group acknowledges the rising demand for streaming and on-demand content material. It affords quite a lot of streaming companies, together with Sky Go and NOW, which permit prospects to observe their favourite exhibits, films, and sports activities occasions on a number of gadgets, anytime and wherever. Sky Group’s streaming companies present flexibility and comfort to its subscribers.

Sky Group’s sturdy presence in Europe makes it a key participant within the media and leisure trade. With its various vary of content material, revolutionary companies, and dedication to high quality, Sky Group continues to entertain and inform audiences throughout the area.

NBCUniversal: Various media conglomerate

Comcast Company’s media empire encompasses NBCUniversal, a diversified conglomerate that operates throughout varied segments of the leisure and information industries. NBCUniversal’s huge portfolio consists of iconic manufacturers, famend studios, and a worldwide attain that spans a number of platforms.

Broadcast and Cable Networks:
NBCUniversal owns and operates a portfolio of widespread broadcast and cable networks, together with NBC, Telemundo, USA Community, Syfy, Bravo, and E!. These networks provide a variety of programming, from information and sports activities to scripted and unscripted leisure, reaching thousands and thousands of viewers worldwide.

Movie and Tv Manufacturing:
NBCUniversal is a serious participant within the movie and tv manufacturing trade. Its studios, together with Common Footage, Common Tv, and DreamWorks Animation, produce a various slate of blockbuster films, widespread TV exhibits, and critically acclaimed unbiased movies. NBCUniversal’s productions have garnered quite a few awards and accolades, establishing its status for high-quality content material.

Theme Parks and Points of interest:
NBCUniversal’s attain extends past conventional media to incorporate theme parks and points of interest. The corporate operates Common Studios Hollywood in California and Common Orlando Resort in Florida, two of the world’s hottest theme park locations. These parks provide immersive experiences primarily based on NBCUniversal’s beloved franchises and characters, attracting thousands and thousands of holiday makers annually.

Information and Info:
NBCUniversal can be a number one supplier of stories and knowledge. Its flagship information division, NBC Information, delivers complete protection of nationwide and worldwide occasions by its varied platforms, together with NBC Nightly Information, Right this moment, and MSNBC. NBCUniversal additionally owns and operates a community of native tv stations, offering native information and knowledge to communities throughout america.

NBCUniversal’s various portfolio of belongings and its dedication to delivering high-quality content material have made it a worldwide media powerhouse. The corporate’s attain extends throughout a number of platforms, entertaining, informing, and interesting audiences worldwide.

Based in 1963: Wealthy historical past of innovation

Comcast Company’s roots could be traced again to 1963, when Ralph J. Roberts, together with a gaggle of buyers, based American Cable Programs in Tupelo, Mississippi. This humble starting marked the beginning of a outstanding journey that might remodel the corporate into a worldwide media and leisure large.

  • Pioneering Cable Tv:

    In its early years, Comcast was a pioneer within the cable tv trade. Ralph Roberts acknowledged the potential of cable to ship a greater diversity of channels and higher image high quality than conventional broadcast tv. Comcast expanded quickly, buying cable methods throughout america and introducing revolutionary companies equivalent to pay-per-view and premium channels.

  • Technological Developments:

    Comcast has persistently been on the forefront of technological developments within the cable and telecommunications industries. The corporate was among the many first to introduce digital cable, high-definition tv, and video-on-demand companies. Comcast’s dedication to innovation has enabled it to remain forward of the curve and meet the evolving wants of its prospects.

  • Strategic Acquisitions and Partnerships:

    Comcast’s development has been fueled partly by strategic acquisitions and partnerships. The corporate’s acquisition of AT&T Broadband in 2001 considerably expanded its cable footprint and made it the biggest cable supplier in america. Comcast has additionally cast partnerships with main content material suppliers, equivalent to Disney and NBCUniversal, to ship a various vary of programming to its prospects.

  • Diversification into Media and Leisure:

    In recent times, Comcast has diversified its operations past cable tv into different areas of media and leisure. The corporate’s acquisition of NBCUniversal in 2011 added an enormous portfolio of broadcast and cable networks, movie and tv studios, and theme parks to Comcast’s portfolio. This diversification has strengthened Comcast’s place within the leisure trade and elevated its income streams.

Comcast’s wealthy historical past of innovation, strategic acquisitions, and diversification has positioned it as a frontrunner within the media and leisure trade. The corporate’s unwavering dedication to delivering high-quality services has earned it a loyal buyer base and trade recognition.

Headquarters in Philadelphia: U.S. enterprise hub

Comcast Company’s headquarters are situated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a metropolis with a wealthy historical past and a vibrant enterprise group. Philadelphia serves because the nerve heart for Comcast’s operations in america, housing key executives, company capabilities, and strategic decision-making.

  • Centralized Management and Administration:

    Comcast’s headquarters in Philadelphia deliver collectively the corporate’s prime executives and decision-makers beneath one roof. This centralized management construction facilitates environment friendly communication, coordination, and strategic planning. The proximity of key personnel allows fast decision-making and a unified strategy to managing the corporate’s complicated operations.

  • Entry to Expert Workforce:

    Philadelphia is house to a extremely expert and various workforce, offering Comcast with a expertise pool to attract upon. Town’s academic establishments, together with the College of Pennsylvania and Drexel College, produce graduates with experience in varied fields related to Comcast’s enterprise, equivalent to engineering, finance, and advertising and marketing.

  • Proximity to Main Enterprise Facilities:

    Philadelphia’s strategic location on the East Coast locations Comcast in shut proximity to main enterprise facilities equivalent to New York Metropolis and Washington, D.C. This proximity facilitates collaboration with trade companions, authorities companies, and monetary establishments. It additionally supplies handy entry to transportation hubs, enabling straightforward journey for executives and staff.

  • Cultural and Historic Significance:

    Philadelphia holds historic and cultural significance because the birthplace of america. Comcast’s headquarters in Philadelphia replicate the corporate’s dedication to its American roots and its function in shaping the nation’s media and leisure panorama.

Comcast’s headquarters in Philadelphia function a central hub for its U.S. operations, offering a strategic location, entry to expertise, and a connection to the town’s wealthy historical past and tradition.

Over 190,000 staff: International workforce

Comcast Company’s international operations are supported by a workforce of over 190,000 staff. This various and proficient crew is the spine of the corporate’s success, driving innovation, delivering distinctive customer support, and executing Comcast’s strategic imaginative and prescient.

  • Variety and Inclusion:

    Comcast is dedicated to fostering a various and inclusive office the place all staff really feel valued, revered, and empowered to achieve their full potential. The corporate has applied varied initiatives to advertise range in its workforce, together with worker useful resource teams, mentorship packages, and unconscious bias coaching.

  • Worker Growth and Coaching:

    Comcast acknowledges the significance of investing in its staff’ skilled growth. The corporate affords a spread of coaching and growth packages to assist staff improve their expertise, data, and capabilities. These packages cowl a large spectrum of subjects, from technical expertise to management growth.

  • Aggressive Advantages and Compensation:

    Comcast affords a complete advantages package deal and aggressive compensation to draw and retain prime expertise. The corporate’s advantages package deal consists of medical insurance, dental and imaginative and prescient protection, retirement financial savings plans, and paid day off. Comcast additionally supplies staff with alternatives for inventory possession and performance-based bonuses.

  • International Presence and Distant Work Alternatives:

    Comcast’s international presence and adoption of distant work insurance policies present staff with versatile work preparations and the chance to collaborate with colleagues from completely different cultures and backgrounds. This fosters a way of worldwide group and promotes the change of concepts and greatest practices.

Comcast’s devoted and expert workforce is a key driver of its success. The corporate’s dedication to range, worker growth, and aggressive advantages has created a office the place staff thrive and contribute to Comcast’s continued development and innovation.

$103.6 billion income: Monetary powerhouse

Comcast Company’s monetary energy is a testomony to its profitable enterprise methods, diversified portfolio, and unwavering give attention to buyer satisfaction. In 2022, the corporate generated a staggering $103.6 billion in income, solidifying its place as a monetary powerhouse within the media and leisure trade.

Income Streams and Enterprise Segments:

  • Cable Communications: Comcast’s core enterprise, cable communications, stays a big income generator. The corporate supplies cable tv, web, and telephone companies to thousands and thousands of residential and enterprise prospects throughout america.
  • Broadcasting: Comcast’s broadcasting phase consists of its NBCUniversal networks, equivalent to NBC, Telemundo, and USA Community. These networks generate income by promoting, subscription charges, and content material licensing.
  • Filmed Leisure: Comcast’s movie studio, Common Footage, is without doubt one of the most profitable studios in Hollywood. Field workplace income, house video gross sales, and streaming rights contribute to the corporate’s filmed leisure income.
  • Theme Parks: Comcast operates two widespread theme park locations, Common Studios Hollywood and Common Orlando Resort. These parks generate income by ticket gross sales, merchandise, and meals and beverage.

Profitability and Monetary Efficiency:

Comcast’s income development has been accompanied by sturdy profitability. The corporate’s web earnings in 2022 was $14.6 billion, representing a big enhance from earlier years. This profitability is attributed to Comcast’s price management measures, strategic investments, and skill to adapt to altering market developments.

Monetary Stability and Debt Administration:

Comcast maintains a stable monetary place with a powerful stability sheet and manageable debt ranges. The corporate’s debt-to-equity ratio is inside trade norms, indicating its means to fulfill its monetary obligations and pursue development alternatives.

Comcast’s spectacular income, profitability, and monetary stability make it a formidable participant within the media and leisure trade. The corporate’s diversified income streams, cost-effective operations, and strategic investments place it for continued success within the years to come back.

FAQ

For Mother and father

As a father or mother, you could have questions on Comcast’s companies, parental management choices, and the right way to maintain your kids protected on-line. Listed here are some continuously requested questions and solutions that can assist you:

Query 1: How can I monitor my kid’s web utilization?

Reply: Comcast affords quite a lot of parental management instruments that can assist you monitor and handle your kid’s web utilization. You’ll be able to set limits on display screen time, filter inappropriate content material, and block particular web sites or apps.

Query 2: What parental management choices can be found for Comcast Xfinity TV?

Reply: With Comcast Xfinity TV, you possibly can set parental controls for particular person channels, packages, and even particular scenes. You can too create a PIN code to limit entry to sure content material.

Query 3: How can I defend my youngster from on-line predators and cyberbullying?

Reply: Comcast affords a service referred to as Xfinity xFi Superior Safety, which supplies real-time safety towards on-line threats, together with malware, phishing, and botnets. You can too allow parental controls to filter out inappropriate content material and restrict your kid’s interplay with strangers on-line.

Query 4: What assets can be found to assist me discuss to my youngster about web security?

Reply: Comcast supplies a wealth of assets to assist dad and mom discuss to their kids about web security. These assets embody articles, movies, and interactive instruments that may provide help to begin the dialog and train your youngster about accountable on-line conduct.

Query 5: How can I maintain my youngster protected when utilizing public Wi-Fi?

Reply: When utilizing public Wi-Fi, it is necessary to make use of a VPN (Digital Non-public Community) to encrypt your kid’s web visitors and defend their privateness. Comcast affords Xfinity xFi Gateway, which features a built-in VPN to safe your kid’s on-line exercise, even after they’re linked to a public Wi-Fi community.

Query 6: The place can I discover extra details about Comcast’s parental management choices?

Reply: You could find extra details about Comcast’s parental management choices on the corporate’s web site or by contacting buyer assist. Comcast’s web site additionally has a devoted part with assets and suggestions for folks on the right way to maintain their kids protected on-line.

Closing Paragraph:

Comcast is dedicated to offering dad and mom with the instruments and assets they should maintain their kids protected on-line. By using the parental management choices accessible and having open conversations along with your youngster, you possibly can assist them navigate the digital world safely and responsibly.

Along with the FAQ, listed here are some extra suggestions for folks to assist maintain their kids protected on-line:

Suggestions

For Mother and father

Listed here are some sensible suggestions to assist dad and mom maintain their kids protected on-line:

Tip 1: Set Clear Guidelines and Expectations:

Set up clear guidelines and expectations to your kid’s web utilization. Discuss to them about acceptable on-line conduct, together with respecting others, avoiding cyberbullying, and defending their private info. Make sure that your youngster understands the implications of breaking these guidelines.

Tip 2: Use Parental Management Instruments:

Reap the benefits of the parental management instruments and options supplied by Comcast and different web service suppliers. These instruments let you filter inappropriate content material, restrict display screen time, and monitor your kid’s on-line exercise. Make sure that to arrange these controls and recurrently evaluate them to make sure they’re working correctly.

Tip 3: Discuss to Your Little one Repeatedly:

Open communication is vital. Discuss to your youngster recurrently about their on-line actions, together with the web sites they go to, the video games they play, and the individuals they work together with on-line. Encourage them to come back to you with any considerations or questions they might have.

Tip 4: Be a Position Mannequin:

Youngsters study by watching the adults of their lives. Be a optimistic function mannequin by demonstrating accountable on-line conduct. Present your youngster the right way to use expertise safely and respectfully. Discuss to them in regards to the significance of privateness and defending private info.

Closing Paragraph:

By following the following pointers and using the parental management choices accessible, you possibly can assist your youngster navigate the digital world safely and responsibly. Keep in mind, it is necessary to remain knowledgeable in regards to the newest on-line developments and threats and to adapt your parenting methods accordingly.

In conclusion, Comcast supplies a spread of companies, merchandise, and assets to fulfill the wants of households and assist dad and mom maintain their kids protected on-line. By using these instruments and following the guidelines supplied, dad and mom can create a safer on-line atmosphere for his or her kids whereas nonetheless permitting them to discover the huge alternatives that the web has to supply.

Conclusion

For Mother and father: Making certain a Secure and Constructive On-line Expertise for Youngsters

As a father or mother, you need one of the best to your youngster, and that features making certain their security and well-being within the digital world. Comcast understands this duty and supplies a spread of companies, merchandise, and assets to assist dad and mom obtain this aim.

Comcast’s parental management instruments empower dad and mom to watch and handle their kid’s web utilization, set limits on display screen time, filter inappropriate content material, and defend them from on-line threats. These instruments, mixed with open communication and steering from dad and mom, might help kids navigate the digital panorama safely and responsibly.

Keep in mind, it isn’t nearly limiting entry or imposing guidelines; it is about making a optimistic and academic on-line expertise to your youngster. Encourage them to discover their pursuits, study new issues, and join with others in a protected and supervised method.

Closing Message:

Comcast stands dedicated to offering households with the instruments and assets they should create a protected and enriching on-line atmosphere for his or her kids. By working collectively, dad and mom and Comcast might help kids thrive within the digital age, fostering their curiosity, creativity, and accountable on-line conduct.